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WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY
SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE & CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT
ARCHITECTURE 353/354
KEN CARPER
ARCH 353/354--Structures Studio I & II
The purpose of this studio is to explore
architectural applications of the principles developed in ARCH 351/352. (Bending
theory, direct stresses, elastic and inelastic behavior.)
The primary content of the studio is an overview of systems
available for spanning and enclosing architectural space. The content includes short
lectures and study model building and testing. Emphasis is on the behavior of whole
systems, testing such concepts as stability through structural modeling.
(Study Models shown here were constructed by
students in the class.)
Textbooks:
Structure and Architectural Design,
Corkill
Structure Systems, Cowan and Wilson
Tragsysteme (Structure Systems), Heino Engel
Shaping Structures: Statics, Zalewski and Allen
many other books, brochures and periodicals on reserve for library research
 
Prerequisites: ARCH 351 or
concurrent enrollment.
Topic Outline: (extends over two
semesters)
 | Introduction
 | Brief overview of families of structure systems
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| Use of scale models for qualitative and quantitative
structural analysis
 | Techniques for modeling systems
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| Behavior of whole systems vs. analysis of individual
parts; concept of synergy
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| Appropriateness of model analysis
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| Checklist for structural system selection: a format
for research
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| Form-Active Systems (characterized
by a single stress condition)
| Cables
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| Tents
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| Pneumatics
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| Arches
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Not much numerical analysis of these systems is attempted.
Emphasis is on problems, potentials, appropriateness, materials, etc.
Geometry and stability is studied with models.
 
 
 
 
 
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| Vector-Active Systems (characterized by
triangulation, pin joints, loads only at the joints)
| Plane trusses
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| Space trusses
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| Curved trusses
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Comparisons between Beam and Truss systems, two and
three-dimensional systems. Discussion includes analysis of statically-determinate
plane trusses by method of joints and method of sections.
 
 
 
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| Section-Active Systems (characterized by
bending stresses, rigid joints, continuity)
| Beams
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| Beam grids
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| Rigid frame
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| Vierendeel frames
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| Slabs
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Discussion includes introduction to qualitative aspects of
continuity theory through testing and observation of efficiencies of indeterminate
systems. Techniques for enhancing efficiency include creative support spacings and
use of overhangs, prestressing, articulated systems, varying moments of inertia, etc.
 
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| Surface-Active Systems (characterized by
action through surface continuity)
| Folded plates
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| Pyramidal folded systems
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| Thin shells of single curvature
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| Rotational thin shells
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| Anticlastic thin shells
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Emphasis is on qualitative performance and potential.
Mathematical analysis is de-emphasized.
 
  
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| Vertical Structure Systems
Introduction to tall building systems, vertical load
collection and lateral stability requirements.
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Course Requirements
Grading is on the basis of a notebook, models constructed,
homework, quizzes and class participation.
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